Monitorización del grado de satisfacción tras intervención nutricional en pacientes con cáncer / Monitoring satisfaction level after nutritional intervention in cancer patients

Introducción: La identificación temprana de la angustiapsicosocial y el impacto de la caquexia permiten intervencio-nes oportunas para mejorar los síntomas.Los PREM (Patient-Reported Experience Measures) aportanvalor a pacientes y organizaciones sanitarias. El poder real delos mismos se encuentra en la posibilidad de cruzarlos con da-tos clínicos. Esto permite identificar puntos críticos y áreas demejora de la calidad asistencial de los procesos. La intervención nutricional en pacientes seleccionadosbrinda un beneficio significativo para algunos aspectos comoel funcionamiento emocional, la disnea, la pérdida de apetitoy el estado de salud global.Por ello, se propone evaluar el grado de satisfacción de lospacientes en los que se ha realizado una intervención nutri-cional durante el tratamiento oncológico activo.Metodología: Estudio retrospectivo, exploratorio, delgrado de satisfacción, en referencia a la intervención nutricio-nal, en pacientes tratados por cáncer en el Hospital de Día deOncología del hospital Universitario Doctor Peset de Valencia,entre enero de 2022 y enero de 2023. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 93 pacientes. Seelaboró un cuestionario de 15 preguntas que se ofreció a los50 últimos pacientes incluidos. Respondieron de forma volun-taria y anónima 28 (56%). En el 95% de los casos la inter-vención nutricional se valoró de forma satisfactoria.Conclusiones: La identificación temprana de la desnutri-ción y la intervención oportuna tienen un impacto favorableen el grado de satisfacción del paciente.(AU)

Introduction: Early identification of psychosocial distressand the impact of cachexia allows for timely interventions toimprove symptoms. Patient-Reported Experience Measures(PREMs) add value to patients and healthcare organizations.Their true power lies in the ability to cross-reference themwith clinical data. This enables the identification of criticalpoints and areas for improving the quality of care processes.Nutritional intervention in selected cancer patients providessignificant benefits for aspects such as emotional functioning,dyspnea, loss of appetite, and overall health status. Therefore, we propose to evaluate the satisfaction level ofpatients who have undergone nutritional intervention duringactive oncological treatment. Methodology: Retrospective exploratory study of satisfac-tion levels regarding nutritional intervention in cancer patientstreated at the Oncology Day Hospital of the UniversityHospital Doctor Peset in Valencia, between January 2022 andJanuary 2023.Results: A total of 93 patients were included. A question-naire consisting of 15 questions was developed and offered tothe last 50 included patients. Twenty-eight (56%) respondedvoluntarily and anonymously. In 95% of cases, nutritional in-tervention was evaluated satisfactorily.Conclusions: Early identification of malnutrition andtimely intervention have a favorable impact on patient satis-faction levels.(AU)

Expert consensus to optimize the management of older adult patients with advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer

Lung cancer (LC) is associated with ageing, with the average age of affected individuals being approximately 70 years. However, despite a higher incidence and prevalence among older people, the older adult population is underrepresented in clinical trials. For LC with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutations, there is no clear association of this mutation with age. Geriatric assessments (GAs) and a multidisciplinary approach are essential for defining the optimal treatment. In this consensus, a group of experts selected from the Oncogeriatrics Section of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (Sección de Oncogeriatría de la Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica—SEOM), the Spanish Lung Cancer Group (Grupo Español de Cáncer de Pulmón—GECP) and the Association for Research on Lung Cancer in Women (Asociación para la Investigación del Cáncer de Pulmón en Mujeres—ICAPEM) evaluate the scientific evidence currently available and propose a series of recommendations to optimize the management of older adult patients with advanced LC with EGFR mutations (AU)

Expert consensus to optimize the management of older adult patients with advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer (LC) is associated with ageing, with the average age of affected individuals being approximately 70 years. However, despite a higher incidence and prevalence among older people, the older adult population is underrepresented in clinical trials. For LC with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutations, there is no clear association of this mutation with age. Geriatric assessments (GAs) and a multidisciplinary approach are essential for defining the optimal treatment. In this consensus, a group of experts selected from the Oncogeriatrics Section of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (Sección de Oncogeriatría de la Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica-SEOM), the Spanish Lung Cancer Group (Grupo Español de Cáncer de Pulmón-GECP) and the Association for Research on Lung Cancer in Women (Asociación para la Investigación del Cáncer de Pulmón en Mujeres-ICAPEM) evaluate the scientific evidence currently available and propose a series of recommendations to optimize the management of older adult patients with advanced LC with EGFR mutations.

Molecular Characterization, Via Next-Generation Sequencing, of Refractory or Resistant Invasive Breast Carcinoma.

The most frequently diagnosed neoplasia in the world in 2020 was breast cancer (BC). On top of its high incidence, unexpected behavior as recurrence in patients, in spite of appropriate therapies, reaches 20%-30%. We believe that some molecular characteristics of tumors may lead to this bad behavior, and we can identify them with next-generation sequencing (NGS). We made a retrospective multicentric study, conducted to molecularly characterize, by means of a custom NGS panel, cases diagnosed with treatment-refractory or treatment-resistant invasive breast carcinoma, studied in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. The panel included 50 genes related to tumorigenesis, cancer evolution and targeted therapies. Twelve cases were included from three centers. Alterations of driver genes were found in all of the cases, and 75% harbored mutations in TP53. Furthermore, we found alterations that could be therapeutic targets in half of the patients, such as mutations in PIK3CA (33% cases), mTOR (8.3%) or BRCA1 (8.3%). Other significant molecular alterations were: the loss of SWI-SNF complex´s components, modified genes of the MAP kinase pathway and alterations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Not all of them are known targets but prognostic significance was found. We conclude that NGS characterization of breast cancer in FFPE samples is a reproducible technique that can provide prognostic and predictive information about our patients and therefore, constitutes, in the near future, a valuable clinical tool in the context of precision medicine.

Impact of Age on Inflammation-Based Scores among Patients Diagnosed with Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory and nutritional indexes are prognostic factors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Furthermore, a low grade of chronic inflammation has been described in the older population (inflammaging). We aimed to evaluate the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), the advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI), the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) in young and older patients diagnosed with locally advanced NSCLC to determine if significant differences between these groups exist. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study analyzing the impact of age on the NLR, PNI, ALI, PLR, and GPS among patients diagnosed with stage III NSCLC at Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset between 2010 and 2015. RESULTS: We included 124 patients (84 young, 40 older patients). The median hemoglobin level and leukocyte count were lower in the older patients (p = 0.0158 and p = 0.001, respectively). A higher median C-reactive protein level was also found in this group (p = 0.0095). Regarding specific inflammatory indexes, the PNI, comprising inflammatory and nutritional parameters, was lower among the older patients (p = 0.0463). The median NLR, ALI, and PLR were similar in both age groups. Moreover, no differences between the age groups were found in the percentage of patients showing high versus low NLR (cutoff point, 5) or ALI (cutoff point, 18) or in the different GPS groups. CONCLUSIONS: The baseline PNI, hemoglobin level, and lymphocyte count were lower among the older patients; furthermore, CRP was higher, possibly, because of a more prominent inflammatory status in older patients with lung cancer. No other immunological or nutritional analytical variables were different between the age groups.

Cognitive impairment is related to a reduced count of T-lymphocytes in older patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

BACKGROUND: Aging is a risk factor for cancer and cognitive impairment, and both have been related to changes in the immune system (immunosenescence) and chronic inflammation (inflammaging) of elderly individuals. Therefore, it would be interesting to know if there is a connection between immunological variations and cognitive function in oncologic patients, especially in lung cancer, in which, inflammation plays a crucial role in tumor development and progression. Our objective is to assess, in older patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), differences in parameters of the immune system depending on their cognitive status. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients ≥70 years diagnosed with NSCLC with evaluated cognitive function, from January 2017 to April 2019. Lymphocyte count was gathered at baseline and checked for differences in lymphocyte counts between patients with a Pfeiffer result of 0-2 vs. 3-10 mistakes. Multiple regression models were used to assess the impact of clinical parameters on lymphocyte count. RESULTS: Seventy patients were analyzed. Sixty had a normal cognitive function, while ten had an impaired cognitive status; these were significantly older. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with cognitive impairment had lower levels of total, T and CD8+ T-lymphocytes (P=0.011, 0.011 and 0.019, respectively). Older age was only correlated to higher level of CD8+ T-lymphocytes (P=0.0390). Odds ratio for the risk of cognitive impairment depending on the level of T-lymphocytes was 0.996 (95% CI: 0.995-0.998), P=0.037. CONCLUSIONS: T-lymphocyte count is lower in patients diagnosed with lung cancer and cognitive impairment. These findings suggest that clinical features are closely related to immunological status in older patients with NSCLC. Therefore, age cannot always explain immunosenescence, and geriatric assessment could help.

Individualización de Carboplatino en el anciano con cáncer de pulmón no microcítico avanzado / Individual dosing of carboplatin in elderly patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer

El cáncer de pulmón no microcítico (CPNM) se diagnostica mayoritariamenteen pacientes mayores de 65 años. Los pacientes ancianos presentan una elevadacomorbilidad asociada al tratamiento antineoplásico que demanda la individualizaciónde las pautas posológicas. Las opciones de tratamiento son abundantes y elcarboplatino (CbPt) se encuentra entre los fármacos de primera línea. La dosis de CbPt se establece con la fórmula de Calvert (estándar) que requiere la medidaexacta de la función renal.El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar un modelo farmacocinético que permitaindividualizar las dosis de CbPt en ancianos con CPNM avanzado y evaluar suexactitud y precisión respecto al estándar.Los modelos farmacocinéticos para el CbPt no unido a las proteínas plasmáticas,obtenidos con las concentraciones plasmáticas de una población de 24 pacientesvarones con CPNM, indican que la edad es la covariable biométrica más estrechamenterelacionada con el aclaramiento plasmático de CbPt, sin dejar por ellode ser un factor de confusión. El error relativo medio (ERM) de la dosis ha sidopara los pacientes adultos (edad < 65 años) del 5% (1-9%) y para los pacientesancianos del 25% (19-30%). Por consiguiente, la dosificación de CbPt con la fórmulade Calvert conduce a una sobredosificación en los pacientes ancianos, produciendomayor exposición al fármaco de la deseada. El alcance clínico de estoshallazgos requiere su validación en una nueva población de pacientes

Non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is frequently diagnosed in patients olderthan age 65 years. Elderly patients often have comorbidities associated with theantineoplasic treatment that request individualization of the chemotherapy. Treatmentoptions are numerous and carboplatin (CbPt) is in the first line of treatment.Conventional doses of CbPt are individually adjusted applying the Calvert formulae(standar) that demands the accurate measure of renal function.The aim of this study is to develop a pharmacokinetic model in order to individualisethe dose of CbPt in elderly patients in advanced NSCLC, and to characterizeits bias and precision respect to the standard.The pharmacokinetic models for the unbound fraction of CpPt were obtainedfrom concentration-time data of ultrafiltrate plasma samples of twenty-four advancedNSCLC men patients enrolled in the study. Age was significantly related to thecarboplatin clearance, although is a confusion factor. The mean dose error, inpercentage, was 5% (1-9%) in adult patients (Age< 65 years) and 25% (19-30%) inelderly patients. Consequently, CbPt the dose regimen in enderly patients, establishedby means of Calvert’s formula is overestimated and the exposure to the antineoplasticis higher than desired. The clinical relevance of these results requiresthe validation of the model with a new population group

Primary carcinoid tumour of the pancreas.

UNLABELLED: Pancreatic carcinoid tumours are extremely infrequent. Usually, the biological behaviour is indolent and diagnosis is late and often casual. We present the case of a patient initially diagnosed as having liver metastasis of unknown origin. PET identified a primary pancreatic site and the initial histologic diagnosis was adenocarcinoma. Following an uncertain response to chemo- and radio-therapy the repeat histologic assessment indicated a carcinoid tumour of the pancreas. After complete surgical resection and liver transplantation, patient remains free of disease. CONCLUSIONS: The co-existence of several diseases with similar morpho-structural features makes diagnosis complicated. PET is of uncertain use in the evaluation of carcinoid tumours, and is considered inferior to 111Indium-octreotide scan. The only curative treatment is surgical resection, with liver transplantation as a valid option in the treatment of these tumours.

Primary carcinoid tumour of the pancreas

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Pancreatic carcinoid tumours are extremelyinfrequent. Usually, the biological behaviour isindolent and diagnosis is late and often casual. Wepresent the case of a patient initially diagnosed ashaving liver metastasis of unknown origin. PETidentified a primary pancreatic site and the initialhistologic diagnosis was adenocarcinoma.Following an uncertain response to chemo- andradio-therapy the repeat histologic assessmentindicated a carcinoid tumour of the pancreas. Aftercomplete surgical resection and livertransplantation, patient remains free of disease.Conclusions: The co-existence of several diseaseswith similar morpho-structural features makesdiagnosis complicated. PET is of uncertain use inthe evaluation of carcinoid tumours, and isconsidered inferior to 111Indium-octreotide scan.The only curative treatment is surgical resection,with liver transplantation as a valid option in thetreatment of these tumours